A Brief Colonial History Of Ceylon(SriLanka)
Sri Lanka: One Island Two Nations
A Brief Colonial History Of Ceylon(SriLanka)
Sri Lanka: One Island Two Nations
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Thiranjala Weerasinghe sj.- One Island Two Nations
?????????????????????????????????????????????????Wednesday, July 5, 2017
This government stole our franchise
By S. Ratnajeevan H. Hoole-July 4, 2017, 8:34 pm
[An edited version of a speech in Tamil delivered on 3 July 2017 at the Divisional Secretariat, Batticaloa]
Delayed Elections
This was meant to be a happy day for me. I am no stranger to Batticaloa.
This is a place where my great grandfather, Richard Aiyathurai Hoole,
served faithfully as Secretary of the District Court Batticaloa and was
by proclamation of the Governor allowed to keep, upon retirement, his
title Mudaliyar for life. A photograph on the occasion taken with the
entire parish in front of St. Andrew’s Church across the field by our
venue is a treasured family possession.
To my disappointment, however, this morning’s news said that Minister of
Provincial Councils and Local Government, Faiszer Musthapha had
postponed local government elections by three months. Batticaloa has not
had the Local Government elections due in 2013. Maritimepattu and
Puthukudiyiruppu have had no elections since 2011.
We have been battling with Musthapha for long. Finally, he gazetted the
ward boundaries and number of representatives for wards in April.
Without attributing reasons, he made the effective date of the gazette 1
July. So we waited.
He also had to correct mistakes in Act 12/2012 with several flaws
without doing which we could not hold elections. Among the many flaws
are 1). In the so called original Sinhalese version, for the term
polling district (chandha kottasaya) with about 1500 voters, the term
ward (kottasaya) with about 5000 voters had been used. (There being no
mistakes in English exposes the pretended nationalism where the drafters
work in English and claim to have worked in Sinhalese, which makes the
flawed version the authentic one). 2) The counting place for postal
votes was specified as a place where the chief counting officer would
not have access to the result to declare a winner and 3) Candidate
deposits were hugely increased to make it impossible for small parties
and independent candidates to contest.
The corrections were drafted, after two years of our requests, as a bill
on 02.06.2017, which is awaiting enactment in Parliament. We were
elated. After 19 months, on the Commission mainly doing voter
registration and education, transfers and permissions to retire, we
looked forward to conducting a real election.
Then Mustapha pulled a fast one. On 1st July, he issued a new gazette
postponing the effective date to 1 October. He is a fox indeed! Even
after 1 Oct. there is no guarantee on enacting the Bill.
The Egg, the dog, the Thief and the Gold
A thief told the master of a house, "There is an egg thief going about.
Leash your guard dog to the chicken coop." The Master did as advised.
While the dog waited chained near the coop, the thief went to the house
that night and cleared off with the gold.
We of the Election Commission are the guard dog. We are here to tell you
of our democracy and guard the integrity of the voter register. But of
what good is the voter register when you have no election to vote at?
While we divert your attention to voter registration, the thief, our
government, has walked off with our prized possession, our elections.
The Election Commission has been suckered into diverting your attention,
calling ours a democracy and justifying it with ceremonies like
today’s, while you really are denied your right to choose who governs
us.
Deterioration
How did these thieves take over? 1947 saw the time when rogue MPs had
been bribed with Ministerial positions to disfranchise the hill country
Tamils. Clean politics came with SJV Chelvanayagam, who eclipsed every
politician. Many politicians of that period agreed with this assessment.
In the 1956 elections, he had entrusted "Pottar" [later Senator]
Nadarajah with filing his nomination papers. Upon reaching the GA’s
office and realizing that SJV had forgotten to sign the papers,
Nadarajah went out, forged SJV’s signature and filed them. The Federal
Party swept the Tamil areas.
C. Suntharalingam, who was defeated in 1956, somehow got wind of this
and filed a complaint. SJV was advised that saying it was indeed his
signature would solve the problem. But, SJV insisted, "I will not tell a
lie." The party panicked. At the inquiry he testified, "I sent Nadesan
with my full authority to act for me. When he signed my name, it was my
signature." His position was upheld and he served as MP.
And today? Pottar was murdered by the LTTE for participation in the
District Council. Chief Minister C.V. Wigneswaran of the FP is being
propped up by Suresh Premachandran’s EPRLF, PLOTE, Tamil Congress, EPDP
and Sri-TELO. I need say no more. On 2 July Uthayan newspaper announced
that CVW, in trying to fill the two ministerial vacancies, had asked for
the CVs of those interested.
He was trying to show that he was on the side of probity while the rest
of the FP was not. He wrote to a person showing interest that he could
not be considered because he had played a role in the murder of Sivaram
(nom de plume Taraki). Intrigued, I made enquiries. That letter of CVW’s
is in the possession of E. Saravanapavan, MP, who is prepared to
release it to the public if the story is challenged by CVW. The
Provincial Council Member allegedly involved in Sivaram’s murder is a
PLOTE representative from Nedunkerny.
The NPC has others of similar ilk. Such a man had looted a cooperative
store. The LTTE had fined him Rs. 83 lakhs. It is thought that he did
not pay the full fine because the LTTE’s demise intervened. The man then
asked the FP for nomination and was turned down. He then went to the
EPRLF and received the FP name tag under the EPRLF quota. He is now a
member in CVW’s corner.
How does this happen?
This fiasco for democracy happens because good people will not stand as candidates and we ourselves vote for bad people.
Standing for election is expensive. We need to be known for people to
vote for us. Once we spend our money, we are broke as an uncle of mine
married to SJV’s niece was after he successfully contested for a seat at
the Jaffna Municipal Council for the FP. Supporters had to go house to
house, and be served tea and lunch. Notices and posters had to be
printed; campaign platforms built. He ran the illegal post office. He
went to prison for his participation in the Tar Brush campaign. After
two MMC terms he was flat broke. He went abroad and settled his debts
but his supporters felt let down, asking me: "Thamby, your uncle has
left us in the lurch to make money." They did not know how expensive
politics was.
What do politicians who spend themselves broke do after winning? The
wife of a minister in this government told me that her husband had put
her house as collateral for a loan for campaign finance and she would
not know where to turn if he had lost. The poor woman was unwittingly
telling me that by winning he had the chance to recover his investment.
Politicians who spend to win then make money through corrupt deals and
favours. Only a fool would spend his personal wealth and not want to
recover it. Corruption is intrinsic to our politics.
The only solution is through laws limiting spending on campaigns and
paying credible candidates from government coffers. These are both
successfully done in many democracies.
But why do we vote for the corrupt?
The study of elections is a degree level art. A standard textbook is
W.W. North, Daron Shaw, Matt Grossmann and Keena Lipsitz, Campaigns and
Elections, 2nd edn, W.W. Norton & Co., New York, NY, 2015. The
authors list five factors influencing, in order, how voters choose:
1. Social identity. The class background, ethnicity, and religion of the
voter affect whom voters choose in an election. Parties cater to social
groups in order to garner loyalty, and during a campaign are likely to
"remind" any aligned social groups of their identity – for example
preferring the Sinhalese national costume to their usual shirt and
trousers. For us, language, religion, caste and whether English-speaking
or not, are determining.
2. Party Identity – Again Identity! Party identification is voters’
psychological attachment to a political party. Usually, citizens learn
party affiliation early in life, from family or social ties, as well as
the political context during which a citizen grows up. In Jaffna, a
young boy running about in the 1960s shouting "A Cross for the Federal
Party" would find it difficult to do otherwise even after the party has
changed. Sivaram’s killer getting elected is because he had the House
symbol.
3. The National Economy: It is seen as a reflection of incumbent
performance. Voters respond rewarding incumbents when the country
prospers, and punishing when not.
4. Policies: Certain voters vote based on specific policy. Candidates
accordingly adjust their positions on these issues to ones which they
believe will gain them the most votes. In most cases, however, issue
voters still tend to vote on party lines, so policy issues are still
secondary.
5. Candidate Traits: Conflicting evidence exists on whether candidate
traits affect voter choice. Most campaigners assume that voters are
swayed by physical attributes and personality. These, however, will
matter significantly only after party affiliation. So light-skinned men
effeminately dressed in white, and cinema actresses winning is more
likely because of their party rather than appearance.
We need to move towards policy and economy rather than identity. But,
when we ignore identity and rival groups do not, it would affect our
community badly in our charged system. The Election Commission hopes to
gazette a call for nominations on 2 Oct. for the Sabragamuwa, Eastern
and North Central Provincial Councils. But, these elections will not be
national in scope to be a referendum on the government's performance.
Observer Groups that met the Election Commission said their cooperation
for a postponement had been sounded out and there was talk of a
constitutional amendment to postpone even these.