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Sri Lanka: One Island Two Nations
A Brief Colonial History Of Ceylon(SriLanka)
Sri Lanka: One Island Two Nations
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Thiranjala Weerasinghe sj.- One Island Two Nations
?????????????????????????????????????????????????Tuesday, April 17, 2018
Ketamine has 'fast-acting benefits' for depression
Ketamine has "shown promise" in the rapid treatment of major depression and suicidal thoughts, a US study says.
Ketamine has a reputation as a party drug but is licensed as an anaesthetic.
The study found use of the drug via a nasal spray led to "significant"
improvements in depressive symptoms in the first 24 hours.
The Royal College of Psychiatrists said it was a "significant" study
that brought the drug "a step closer to being prescribed on the NHS".
The report by researchers from Janssen Research and Development, a
Johnson and Johnson company, and Yale School of Medicine, is the first
study into ketamine as a treatment for depression that has been done by a
drug company.
It is being published in the American Journal of Psychiatry.
The trial looked at 68 people at imminent risk of suicide.
All patients were treated with a stay in hospital and anti-depressants.
In addition, half were given ketamine in the form of esketamine (part of
the ketamine molecule) in a nasal spray and half were given a placebo.
The study found those using esketamine had a much greater improvement in
depression symptoms at all points over the first four weeks of
treatment.
However, at 25 days the effects had levelled out.
The study's authors suggest it could offer an effective rapid treatment
for people severely depressed and at imminent risk of suicide and could
help in the initial stages of treatment, as most anti-depressants take
four to six weeks to become fully effective.
The nasal spray is now undergoing phase three trials before it can be licensed for treatment.
Potential for abuse
There were no reports of esketamine dependence or misuse in the trial
but the authors warn that more research is needed on the potential for
abuse of ketamine and say these should be looked at during subsequent
trials.
Scientists in the UK are also studying ketamine as a treatment for depression taken intravenously.
Dr James Stone, from the Royal College of Psychiatrists, told the BBC
the "interesting" US study confirmed the findings from successful
studies into intravenous ketamine.
"The main reason for its significance is because this is being developed
by a drug company and it's potentially quite likely that this
medication might become available as a treatment available on the NHS
for depression."
'Severe depression'
He said because it was being given as a nasal spray it was "much easier
to administer" than intravenous ketamine and was "potentially quicker to
give, so it means more people can be dosed at the same time" and you
need less equipment.
Dr Stone said if it did go on to be prescribed on the NHS it would be
aimed at people with severe depression as a second or third line of
treatment if other drugs haven't worked and could be used for people
instead of electroconvulsive therapy.
Prof Mitul Mehta from King's College told the BBC it was an "exciting" study.
"All the studies to date have been looking at intravenous use - there
are some people who have explored oral ketamine but that doesn't appear
to be as successful as intravenous so intranasal seems to be a really
good halfway-house.
"It enters the body relatively quickly - it's not as fast as going
straight into your bloodstream but not as slow as via the stomach and
it's reasonably easy to control how much you give to a person. In that
respect this is a really important study."
But he said far bigger studies are needed to look out for any rare side-effects.
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Prescribed off licence
Because ketamine is licensed to be used by doctors as an aneasthetic it
can be prescribed off licence for depression. This is happening in
private clinics in the US and the UK.
But to be prescribed on the NHS, it would need to be licensed to be used as a treatment for depression.
In the UK, doctors have been trialling ketamine to treat depression since 2011.
Dr Rupert McShane, who has led a trial in Oxford, says ketamine can work on patients with depression "where nothing has helped before".
However, he called for a national registry to monitor its use.