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Sri Lanka: One Island Two Nations
A Brief Colonial History Of Ceylon(SriLanka)
Sri Lanka: One Island Two Nations
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Thiranjala Weerasinghe sj.- One Island Two Nations
?????????????????????????????????????????????????Tuesday, March 31, 2015
March 20, 2015
I am teaching a course on International Business here at Georgetown
University. This Spring, we have concentrated on writing editorials on
international business and trade issues. All my students have written
and handed in one editorial dealing with an issue of their concern. I
was very impressed by their work, particularly since these young tigers,
as we call them here, are the ones ascending in their societal
position. They will be the ones running their families firm, electing
the next government, and deciding what their aging parents should do. So
to my mind, their opinions matter.
Take a look:
by Kevin Ma
Near the end of this year, the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) will
consider adding the yuan to its in-house basket of currency reserves.
The basket, called Special Drawing Rights (SDR), represents claims on
reserves that the IMF holds and allocates to member nations. The
approval of the yuan would mark a significant step in an ongoing process
by China to increase the international presence of its currency, also
called the renminbi (RMB), and would put it on par with the other SDR
currencies. Currently, the SDR basket consists of U.S. dollars, Euro,
pound sterling, and Yen, which the IMF reports as 47%, 34%, 12%, and 7%
of the distribution, respectively.
When the IMF reviewed the SDR basket five years ago in 2010, the
international organization denied China’s push to include the yuan due
to the currency’s lack of convertibility. In other words, it wasn’t
widely used enough to be considered freely useable. Since then, China
has made substantial efforts to meet the IMF’s convertibility criteria
and has resulted in significant internationalization of the currency.
Already, China has established 15 offshore clearing centers—in cities
including London, Hong Kong, Switzerland, and Sydney—as well as swap
agreements with 28 central banks. Last November, the global payment
provider SWIFT ranked the RMB 5th in the list of currencies used most in trade, up from 21stthree years ago.
The rapid rise of the yuan’s popularity in the global market is hard to
ignore, but should you invest in it? For the globally minded investor,
the answer is a resounding yes.
Having only opened its economy to international trade four decades ago,
China ranks as the world’s second largest economy, which carries with it
an abundance of opportunity for investors. These opportunities have
typically been restricted to outsiders, international investors have
seen an increasing amount of access to Chinese capital markets and
direct investment in recent years. Under the country’s Renminbi
Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (RQFII) program, China has
already allowed ten countries to purchase RMB-denominated “A-shares,”
which represent China-based companies traded on the mainland stock
exchanges and had originally been limited to domestic investors only.
Last year, China also became the largest recipient of foreign direct
investment, with net inflows of $128 billion, while the United States’
inflows fell by two thirds to $86 billion, according to the United
Nations international trade body (UNCTAD). As China continues to make
the yuan more freely usable over the coming years in hopes of
maintaining sufficient convertibility for inclusion in the SDR basket,
investors will likely enjoy much wider access to the nation’s markets.
The benefits of a more convertible yuan aren’t restricted solely to
investments within China’s borders. The greater prevalence of the yuan
in world markets has also enabled Chinese investors to bring their
capital abroad. The many Chinese companies that seek investments outside
their country are more able to trade in their own currency instead of
converting revenues back into the yuan through the foreign exchange
markets. Chinese companies would be less susceptible to volatility in
foreign exchange prices and thus have more incentive to invest
internationally. For other nations, this would mean access to an
abundant source of capital. The Chinese government reported that, in the
past year alone, outbound direct investment grew more than 14% to
$102.9 billion.
The European Union has been a major beneficiary of outbound investment
from China. At the peak of the EU debt crisis, while most investors fled
the continent and took their money with them, China-based companies
surged into some of the hardest-hit countries and provided cash when
others would not. Many of China’s European trading partners have
benefited from the yuan’s internationalization, which has provided
access to China’s mainland markets as well as capital from Chinese
investors. As a result, the UK, Germany, and France are all competing to
become the European hub for Chinese investment and yuan trading.
Some may worry that globalization of the yuan will lead businesses to be
more susceptible to the influence of the Chinese government, which has
typically maintained a tight control over its national economy and
currency. This concern, however, is why investing in the yuan is all the
more important. As international businesses take advantage of the
growing accessibility to China’s markets, the nation’s government will
be inclined to continue efforts to bolster global confidence in the
yuan’s convertibility.
Within the near future, one can reasonably expect the yuan to play an
increasingly dominant role in international trade. Should the IMF accept
the yuan into the SDR basket later this year, China and its currency
will become even larger players in the world market. For the global
investor, now is the time to take advantage of this trend and become a
part of the rapidly growing yuan market.