A Brief Colonial History Of Ceylon(SriLanka)
Sri Lanka: One Island Two Nations
A Brief Colonial History Of Ceylon(SriLanka)
Sri Lanka: One Island Two Nations
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Thiranjala Weerasinghe sj.- One Island Two Nations
?????????????????????????????????????????????????Thursday, February 28, 2019
Pakistan captures Indian pilot after shooting down aircraft, escalating hostilities
NEW DELHI — In the most ominous military
confrontation between India and Pakistan since both tested nuclear
weapons two decades ago, Pakistan said it shot down two Indian military
aircraft over its territory Wednesday and launched strikes in
Indian-controlled Kashmir, while India claimed it shot down a Pakistani
fighter jet in the “aerial encounter.”
An especially volatile aspect of the confrontation was Pakistan’s
capture of an Indian fighter pilot. Pakistani military officials posted a
photo of him on Twitter sitting in a room, and they said he was being
treated “per norms of military ethics.”
But Pakistani television showed a video of
the pilot, blindfolded and apparently with blood on his face. India’s
Foreign Ministry said it “strongly objected to Pakistan’s vulgar display
of an injured personnel” and expected “his immediate and safe return.”
While experts warned that the clash could easily escalate out of
control, Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan told his nation Wednesday
that he wanted to avoid war with India, saying, “Let’s settle this with
talks.” There was no public statement, however, by Indian Prime Minister
Narendra Modi.
“Our action was only intended to convey that if you can come into our
country, we can do the same,” Khan said, referring to airstrikes by
India on Tuesday and Pakistan’s response on Wednesday. Addressing India,
he said, “With the weapons you have and the weapons we have, can we
really afford a miscalculation?”
The two days of tit-for-tat airstrikes and Wednesday’s aerial dogfight,
the first since 1971, were triggered by a Feb. 14 terrorist bombing
in Indian-controlled Kashmir that killed 40 Indian security personnel.
The bombing, claimed by a Pakistan-based militant group called
Jaish-e-Muhammad, was the deadliest single attack in 30 years of
protests and conflict over the disputed Himalayan region, which is
claimed in its entirety by both nations.
Indian and Pakistani officials gave conflicting accounts of the events.
India claimed it had bombed a militant camp inside Pakistan on Tuesday,
killing scores, but Pakistan said the bombs had fallen on an uninhabited
forested area. Pakistan also denied India’s claims that a Pakistani
F-16 fighter jet was shot down.
The clash drew expressions of alarm from foreign governments and
regional analysts, who noted that India and Pakistan have previously
fought three conventional wars, two of them over Kashmir. They also
engaged in a brief high-altitude fight in the Kargil mountains of
Kashmir in 1999, shortly after both countries tested nuclear weapons.
Moeed Yusuf, a Pakistan expert at the U.S. Institute of Peace in
Washington, said he feared the conflict could escalate dangerously, in
large part because neither Khan, who has been in office only a few
months, nor Modi, who is seeking reelection this spring, may be able to
back down without losing domestic political stature.
Pakistan’s retaliatory strike punctured a triumphal moment for Modi.
After India conducted its operation Tuesday against what it said was a
terrorist training camp in Pakistan, members of Modi’s ruling Bharatiya
Janata Party celebrated. Amit Shah, the party’s president, wrote on
Twitter that the strike was a testament to Modi’s “strong and decisive
leadership.”
By Wednesday, the mood in India had shifted to focus on the fate of its captured pilot, whom Indian media outlets identified as Wing Cmdr. Abhinandan Varthaman. Indian officials said his video while blindfolded violated the Geneva Conventions on the treatment of war prisoners.
In Pakistan, despite official claims about wanting to avoid escalation, a
mood of belligerent triumph spread across news stations and online
Wednesday. War songs were played, commentators praised the military, and
shouts of “God is greatest” could be heard. Images of a burning Indian
fighter jet were broadcast repeatedly.
Some Pakistani commentators, however, expressed concern that the
situation could rapidly spiral out of control. Imad Zafar, a columnist
writing in the online Pakistan Express Tribune, said the Indian attack
was a “trap” set by Modi that Pakistan should avoid. “A war between two
nuclear-armed states can only bring destruction on both sides,” he
wrote, calling for dialogue. “. . . We don’t want war, India. Neither
should you.”
Some experts said the tit-for-tat strikes of the past two days might
help de-escalate tensions. India has “talked up the strike on the terror
camp,” while Pakistan has “captured an Indian pilot and shot down an
Indian fighter jet,” said Ajai Shukla, a defense analyst and former army
officer in Delhi. “Both sides have something they can hold on to.”
But other observers, including Yusuf, said intervention by foreign
powers, including the United States, might be the only way to restore
calm. “What started as mere posturing is now a real near-war crisis that
can easily spill into real combat,” Yusuf said.
India launches airstrike on Pakistan-based militants
In previous moments of high tension between India and Pakistan, such as
the Kargil conflict, the United States played a key role in defusing the
situation.
Acting defense secretary Patrick Shanahan, one of the few national
security officials remaining in Washington as President Trump and others
are in Hanoi for the summit meeting with North Korean leader Kim Jung
Un, has been “focused on de-escalating tensions and urging both of the
nations to avoid further military action,” according to a Pentagon
statement Wednesday.
The State Department called on India and Pakistan “to cease all
cross-border military activity and for a return to stability” in a
statement Wednesday. The department also urged Pakistan “to deny
terrorists safe haven and block their access to funds.”
Pakistani officials said they have appealed to the United States to
become more involved in the crisis, perhaps sending a high-level
official to shuttle between the two capitals, and they bemoaned the fact
that Washington appears distracted with multiple other crises.
In a statement issued Tuesday, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo called on
both countries to “exercise restraint, and avoid escalation at any
cost.” Asad Majeed Khan, Pakistan’s ambassador to the United States,
told reporters in a meeting Wednesday that the Trump administration’s
failure to condemn India’s initial airstrike in Pakistan had “emboldened
them even more.”
Other countries expressed concern and called on both sides to reduce hostilities.
British Foreign Secretary Jeremy Hunt said that he was “very concerned”
about the rising tensions and that he had spoken with his Indian and
Pakistani counterparts about it. “Neither side wants to see this
escalate further, but this is going to take really critical restraint in
the days ahead,” he said. Russia’s Foreign Ministry “expressed hope for the de-escalation of the situation.”
Khan said his government had offered to help investigate the Feb. 14
bombing. Pakistan has denied any links with the attackers, but it has
long publicly supported those it calls Kashmiri “freedom fighters” and
condemned Indian brutality against protesters. The Indian and Pakistani
portions of Kashmir are divided by a militarized “Line of Control.”
Pakistan’s Foreign Ministry said its retaliatory airstrikes were aimed
at “nonmilitary targets” to avoid human loss and damage. It said
Pakistan has “no intention of escalation, but we are fully prepared to
do so if forced.”
India confirmed that one MiG-21 fighter jet was shot down in an “aerial engagement” with Pakistani forces on Wednesday morning.
Pakistani officials also claimed Wednesday afternoon that India had
committed “unprovoked cease-fire violations” along the Line of Control
on Tuesday, resulting in the deaths of four civilians, three of them
women. A Foreign Ministry statement named the four individuals but did
not say where or how they died. It called the alleged targeting of
civilian areas “deplorable” and said such cease-fire violations could
lead to a “strategic miscalculation.”
As tensions mounted Wednesday, commercial flights were suspended across
Pakistan and a swath of northwestern India. For most of the day,
flight-tracking websites showed no commercial flights in the air in
Pakistan and none in five regions across the border, including
Indian-controlled Kashmir. India’s Civil Aviation Authority later lifted
restrictions on flights.
In Indian-controlled Kashmir, residents braced for the worst. Vikas
Bhasin, 61, a shopkeeper in the Poonch region near the Line of Control,
said that around 10 a.m., he saw fighter jets that he believed were
Pakistani aircraft streaking through the sky. After they passed
overhead, Bhasin said, police drove through the area and announced on
loudspeakers that there was no need to panic.
In Srinagar, the largest city in Indian-administered Kashmir, residents
have been on edge ever since the Feb. 14 attack. Over the weekend, there
were reports of residents hoarding fuel and groceries. The closure of
the Srinagar airport for much of Wednesday was “serious and unsettling,”
said Manzoor Ahmad Bhat, 50. “Things seem to be collapsing.”
Constable reported from Kabul. Shaiq Hussain in Islamabad, Pakistan;
Ishfaq Naseem in Srinagar, India; Niha Masih in Delhi; and Karen DeYoung
in Washington contributed to this report.