A Brief Colonial History Of Ceylon(SriLanka)
Sri Lanka: One Island Two Nations
A Brief Colonial History Of Ceylon(SriLanka)
Sri Lanka: One Island Two Nations
(Full Story)
Search This Blog
Back to 500BC.
==========================
Thiranjala Weerasinghe sj.- One Island Two Nations
?????????????????????????????????????????????????Wednesday, April 3, 2019
Smart Airlines And Smart Airports
The corollary to any human practice or endeavour is the ominous possibility of things going wrong, and this potential risk must be taken into account when considering the promulgation of regulations or the adoption of standards and recommended practices.
by Dr. Ruwantissa Abeyratne-1 Apr 2019
Writing from Hong Kong
There
was much focus at the 2019 ACI-Pacific/World Annual General Assembly,
Conference and Exhibition - which is being held in Hong Kong from 2 to 4
April - on the smart use of information technology (IT) to both
streamline the air transport experience and to make it safer. IT helps
airlines and airports improve their competitiveness by both improving
their efficiency and reducing their operating costs. For the most part,
airlines now achieve these objectives by migrating their services to
Cloud Computing, which Eric Griffith defines in PCMag as “storing and
accessing data and programs over the Internet instead of a computer's
hard drive. The cloud is just a metaphor for the Internet. It goes back
to the days of flowcharts and presentations that would represent the
gigantic server-farm infrastructure of the Internet as nothing but a
puffy, white cumulus cloud, accepting connections and doling out
information as it floats”. Cloud – which is a buzzword for optimizing
services through the IT network – helps airlines in both their
connectivity and the improvement of their services to the passengers and
other clients they serve.
Airports, in similar vein, use IT applications such as Cloud Computing;
Big Data; and the Internet of Things for connectivity and making
efficient their information flows. Airports are also tremendously
benefitted by the use of IT – in particular Artificial Intelligence (AI)
- in developing deep learning algorithms for risk-based assessment of
threats posed by potentially dangerous goods and substances.
Kevin
Riordan, Head of Airports and Checkpoint Solutions at Smiths Detection
says: “[T]he application of deep learning algorithms for automated
threat detection requires the availability of a considerable image
database, categorized in threats and unsuspicious images. Deep learning
algorithms scan this information to learn which objects are potentially
harmful and which are benign”.
One must also not forget that in this chain of the aviation industry,
there is also the air navigation services industry which provides air
traffic control. This industry now relies heavily on information and
communications technology for efficient and timely communications
integration and management and quick decision making.
At the core of the approach by both airlines and airports in their
reliance on IT is their relentless focus on the passenger, which is
reflected in New Experience in Travel Technologies (NEXIT) – a joint
programme developed by the two global associations representing the air
transport industry and the airport industry – namely the International
Air Transport Association (IATA) and Airports Council International
(ACI). This programme is a direct response by these two associations to
the steadily rising passenger numbers. Sarah Samuel, Head of Airport IT
for Asia-Pacific at Amadeus says: “…the programme highlights the need
for airports to focus on how the latest in digital technology can create
a seamless flow through the airport and help to integrate systems and
services”.
Of major importance to this (IT) megatrend in aviation is the statement
by Angela Gittens, Director General of ACI, which effectively binds all
the elements in the equation when she says: “We (ACI) take an evidence
and data-based approach to provide a voice for the world’s airports in
the formulation of regulation, policies, standards and practices”. The
key words here are “regulation, policies, standards and practices”. In
other words, the data-based approach adopted by all three industries –
airlines; airports; and air traffic control services, must inevitably be
accompanied by laws and regulations.
The corollary to any human practice or endeavour is the ominous
possibility of things going wrong, and this potential risk must be taken
into account when considering the promulgation of regulations or the
adoption of standards and recommended practices. Harvard Business Review
cites three possible concerns where humans would not comprehend how a
machine reached a conclusion. They are: hidden biases cultivated by the
machine through the learning process; since machines are mostly neural
networks that work with statistical data, it would be difficult to think
that the solutions given by a machine would work in every case,
particularly where there are variables and random circumstances; and
when a machine error occurs, it would be difficult to correct the error
for the first concern cited – that humans may not understand how the
machine came to its conclusion.
Max Tegmark, Professor of Physics at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology in his book Life 3.0: Being Human in the Age of Artificial
Intelligence offers the following principles: the goal of AI should be
to create not undirected intelligence but creative and beneficial
intelligence; investments in AI should be accompanied by funding for
research on ensuring its beneficial use, including thorny questions in
computer science, economics, law, ethics and social studies; there
should be healthy and constructive exchange between AI researchers
and policy makers; a culture of cooperation, trust and transparency
should be fostered among researchers and developers of AI; and teams
developing AI systems should actively cooperate to avoid corner-cutting
on safety standards.
Against this scenario, it would be advisable to evaluate the most
prudent approach to the use of AI. While AI is proving to be an asset to
human progress, with such innovations as Amazon’s Alexa and
Google’s self driving cars, it could be several decades before AI
attains complete fruition, as discussed above, as a total replacement of
biological intelligence. Thomas W. Malone, in his
book Superminds suggests using AI in combination with human intelligence
where a collective intelligence could better serve humanity. Malone
suggests hypoconnectivity between the 7.2 billion people of the world as
the most important tool for the 21st century, where the optimal use of
information technology could be a supplement to human intelligence in
connecting the world.
The fact that airlines, airports and air traffic management are using
information and communications technology in the advancement of their
activities and in coping with the exponential rise in demand for air
transport leaves no room for doubt that they are on the right track.
However, they must not disregard the fact that law and regulation are
key elements in managing data flows and ensuring that whatever the
buzzwords might be in modern technology and science, and however much
they would facilitate the functioning of a rapidly changing world, they
must be properly regulated.